Morphos

Some of the most colourful and popular butterflies in the world. they are found from Central America to Southern Brazil and Trinidad, but mainly in Amazonia and the Guianas

They are large butterflies and there are about 29 species and 140 subspecies. The name originates from Ancient Greek 'the shapely one' for Aphrodite ,the goddess of love

They have a slow bouncy flight due to the large wing area

Most species are a shimmering blue, which unlike most butterflies does not originate from blue pigments, but rather arises from the unique structure of the scales. The layers of the scales reflect the light creating interference depending on the wavelength and angle of observation. This arises from the nanostructure of the scales -

Christmas tree shaped ridges- reduces directionality of reflection by creating impedance in the blue light wavelength

Alternating layers- This is being used for embedding in security materials and dye free paints

Slight shift between ridges- increases intensity of reflection at multiple angles

The ventral (underwing)side has eyespots (ocelli) but is brown because it does not have the special scales. This may be an example of automimicry ,where a species mimics another animals eyes to deter predators

Generally the males are brightly coloured, the females are either cryptic or dull in colour , or have less blue colouration (sexual dimorphism)

The wings of the males reflects in UV , and other males eyes are sensitive to UV light , so they can see each other from a great distance.

Males are diurnal and fly along rivers and streams . They are territorial and males will chase off competitors

The natural lifespan is up to 110 days in captivity

The eggs are pale green and dewdrop shaped. The caterpillars are reddish brown with bright green/yellow patches. The hairs are irritating and if disturbed they secrete an obnoxious fluid that smells like rancid butter.The chrysalis is green and can emit an ultrasomic repellent sound if touched. The adults can live 2-3 weeks but the average life expectancy of a male is about 2 days before they are predated.

Adults feed of fermented fruit, carrion, tree sap and show mud puddling behaviour

The adults are often easy to catch by waving a bright blue lure (except Menelaus and Amathonte which are strong flyers)